National Supervisory Authority & Licensing Qualification Dossier • European Economic Area & Switzerland
CBI
Germany (European Union)Central Bank of Ireland
- Supervisory tier
- Tier-1
- License classes
- 3
- Licensed records
- 13
- Active / regulated
- 13
Statutory Supervisory Mandate & Scope
Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) operates as a statutory financial supervisory authority regulating financial institutions in 1 (IE). The authority oversees entity licensing, capital adequacy compliance, conduct supervision, and enforcement disclosures via its official registry at centralbank.ie.
Supervises credit institutions (jointly with Deutsche Bundesbank and ECB), investment firms (Wertpapierinstitute), asset managers (KVGs), payment institutions, and Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs) in Germany.
Prudential Tier Assessment
Tier-1Integrated G7 & Eurozone federal financial supervisor overseeing banking, securities, insurance, and statutory crypto custody under KWG, WpIG, WpHG, and EU MiCA.
National licensing qualifications & statutory authorisation classes (CBI)
Authorisation categories, permitted institutional and retail activities, minimum initial capital adequacy, and ongoing prudential solvency rules enforced by CBI in Germany (European Union).
| License class / code | Official designation | Permitted institutional & retail activities | Minimum initial / base capital | Ongoing prudential & solvency rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WpIG Class 1 / 2 (§ 15 WpIG — Eigenhandel) | Securities Institution — Proprietary Dealing & Market Making | Principal dealing, market making, underwriting, and operating a Multilateral or Organised Trading Facility (MTF/OTF). | EUR €750,000 initial capital (or EUR €5,000,000 for systemic Class 1 CRR-equivalent investment firms). | IFR K-Factor capital adequacy, MaRisk risk management framework, and Bundesbank monthly solvency reporting. |
| WpIG Medium / Small (§ 15 WpIG — Finanzkommission / Anlageverwaltung) | Securities Institution — Brokerage & Portfolio Management | Principal brokerage, investment broking, contract broking, and discretionary portfolio management. | EUR €150,000 initial capital (if holding client money/securities) or EUR €75,000 (non-custodial advisory/transmission). | Fixed Overheads Requirement (25% of prior year fixed overheads) + annual WpHG compliance audit. |
| MiCA CASP (Art. 59–63 Reg (EU) 2023/1114) | Crypto-Asset Service Provider (Custody, Trading Platform & Exchange) | Custody and administration of crypto-assets, operation of a crypto trading platform, crypto-to-fiat exchange, and order execution across all 27 EU Member States. | EUR €150,000 (Class 3 Trading Platform), EUR €125,000 (Class 2 Custody & Exchange), or EUR €50,000 (Class 1 Advisory/Order Reception). | Higher of permanent minimum capital or 25% of preceding year fixed overheads + DORA ICT resilience & bankruptcy-remote wallet segregation. |
Investor compensation, client money segregation & digital-asset regime
Statutory counterparty protections, custody reconciliation mandates, and virtual-asset licensing status under CBI.
Entschädigungseinrichtung der Wertpapierhandelsunternehmen (EdW) / Entschädigungseinrichtung deutscher Banken (EdB)
- Maximum coverage per client
- EUR €20,000 (90% of liabilities) for securities claims via EdW; EUR €100,000 per depositor for credit institutions via EdB
- Eligible counterparties & scope
- Retail and small corporate clients (institutional credit institutions, insurers, and public bodies excluded).
§ 84 WpHG & MaComp BT 10 (Segregation of Client Financial Instruments and Funds)
- Reconciliation & audit cadence
- Daily reconciliation of segregated escrow accounts (Treuhandkonten); strict prohibition on using retail client funds for own-account margin.
- Approved custodian requirements
- Client funds must be deposited immediately with a central bank or CRR credit institution in segregated trust accounts; mandatory Negative Balance Protection and prohibition of additional payment obligations (Nachschusspflicht) for retail CFDs.
EU MiCA CASP Authorisation & German KWG Crypto Custody (Kryptoverwahrgeschäft) / eWpG Electronic Securities
- Travel Rule, custody & stablecoin rules
- EU Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR — Regulation (EU) 2023/1113) applies a EUR €0 threshold Travel Rule to all CASP transfers; strict IT security audits under DORA.
Primary Governing Statutes & Rulebooks
- German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz — KWG) & Investment Firm Act (Wertpapierinstitutsgesetz — WpIG)
- German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz — WpHG) & Capital Investment Code (KAGB)
- EU Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 (IFR) / Directive (EU) 2019/2034 (IFD) & MiFID II
- EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA — Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) & German FinmStFG / KMAG
Regulatory Reporting & Audit Obligations
Annual WpHG / KWG statutory audit conducted by an independent Wirtschaftsprüfer and filed with BaFin and Deutsche BundesbankMiFIR Art. 26 T+1 transaction reporting, EMIR Refit derivatives reporting, and DORA ICT incident reportingGwG (German Anti-Money Laundering Act) Money Laundering Officer (Geldwäschebeauftragter) appointment and FIU goAML filings
Cross-Border Equivalence & Passporting
Full EEA Freedom of Services (Art. 34 MiFID II / Art. 65 MiCA) and Freedom of Establishment passporting across all 27 EU Member States plus Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein.
Supervised institutions & CBI licence records in our database
13 licence records referencing CBI (13 regulated/registered).
| Institution | Licence number | Status | Licensed legal entity | Effective date | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coinbase(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C188493 | Regulated | Coinbase Ireland Limited | — | |
| Coinbase(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C455715 | Regulated | Coinbase Europe Limited | — | |
| Kraken(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C453020 | Regulated | Payward Ireland Limited | 2023-04-11 | |
| Kraken(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C468360 | Regulated | Payward Europe Solutions Limited | 2023-09-25 | |
| AvaFutures(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C53877 | Regulated | AVA Trade EU Limited | 2009-07-09 | |
| AvaTrade(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C53877 | Regulated | AVA Trade EU Limited | 2009-07-09 | |
| Paysafe(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C185005 | Regulated | Paysafe | — | |
| Hashkey(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C526382 | Regulated | HashKey Europe Limited | 2024 | |
| Skrill(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C184986 | Regulated | Skrill | — | |
| Ulster Bank(Cross-jurisdiction record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Ulster Bank | — | |
| AIB(Cross-jurisdiction record) | Not supplied | Regulated | AIB | — | |
| Bank of Ireland(Cross-jurisdiction record) | Not supplied | Regulated | Bank of Ireland Group plc | — | |
| Fexco(Cross-jurisdiction record) | C422595 | Regulated | Fexco | — |
CBI (Germany (European Union)): institutional licensing & due diligence FAQ
Key statutory capital, compensation, custody segregation, and verification answers for compliance teams.
What are the primary licensing classes and minimum capital requirements under CBI (Germany (European Union))?
CBI (Central Bank of Ireland) supervises financial institutions in Germany (European Union) under German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz — KWG) & Investment Firm Act (Wertpapierinstitutsgesetz — WpIG) and German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz — WpHG) & Capital Investment Code (KAGB). Key statutory authorisation classes include: WpIG Class 1 / 2 (§ 15 WpIG — Eigenhandel) (Securities Institution — Proprietary Dealing & Market Making — min. capital: EUR €750,000 initial capital (or EUR €5,000,000 for systemic Class 1 CRR-equivalent investment firms).); WpIG Medium / Small (§ 15 WpIG — Finanzkommission / Anlageverwaltung) (Securities Institution — Brokerage & Portfolio Management — min. capital: EUR €150,000 initial capital (if holding client money/securities) or EUR €75,000 (non-custodial advisory/transmission).); MiCA CASP (Art. 59–63 Reg (EU) 2023/1114) (Crypto-Asset Service Provider (Custody, Trading Platform & Exchange) — min. capital: EUR €150,000 (Class 3 Trading Platform), EUR €125,000 (Class 2 Custody & Exchange), or EUR €50,000 (Class 1 Advisory/Order Reception).). Ongoing prudential supervision requires strict adherence to capital adequacy and liquidity buffers.
Does CBI provide statutory investor compensation and mandatory client asset segregation?
Under CBI's framework, investor protection is governed by Entschädigungseinrichtung der Wertpapierhandelsunternehmen (EdW) / Entschädigungseinrichtung deutscher Banken (EdB) with maximum coverage of EUR €20,000 (90% of liabilities) for securities claims via EdW; EUR €100,000 per depositor for credit institutions via EdB (Retail and small corporate clients (institutional credit institutions, insurers, and public bodies excluded).). For client money and custody assets, supervised firms must comply with § 84 WpHG & MaComp BT 10 (Segregation of Client Financial Instruments and Funds), performing daily reconciliation of segregated escrow accounts (treuhandkonten); strict prohibition on using retail client funds for own-account margin. with client funds must be deposited immediately with a central bank or crr credit institution in segregated trust accounts; mandatory negative balance protection and prohibition of additional payment obligations (nachschusspflicht) for retail cfds..
How does CBI regulate digital assets, crypto exchanges (VASPs/CASPs), and stablecoins?
CBI's digital-asset regime is structured around EU MiCA CASP Authorisation & German KWG Crypto Custody (Kryptoverwahrgeschäft) / eWpG Electronic Securities (Fully operational EU MiCA CASP licensing regime (effective Dec 2024) + Electronic Securities Act (eWpG) for tokenized bonds and fund shares.). Custody and AML/CFT compliance obligations require: EU Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR — Regulation (EU) 2023/1113) applies a EUR €0 threshold Travel Rule to all CASP transfers; strict IT security audits under DORA.
How can I verify an institution's CBI licence number and check our 13 recorded licence entries?
Our database currently tracks 13 licence records referencing CBI (13 marked regulated or registered). To verify a counterparty at the primary source, open CBI's official public register (https://www.centralbank.ie/), search by the exact reference number and legal entity name, and confirm that the firm's domain and permitted activities match its statutory authorisation.
Related regulatory & market structure briefings
Research and compliance analysis from Euro Firm Ledger relevant to CBI and Germany (European Union).
Regulation and Institutional Markets
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European Stocks Rise as STOXX 600 Gains 0.9% on Falling Oil Prices Ahead of US Inflation Data: DAX, CAC, FTSE100 - Yahoo Finance UK: Institutional summary of the primary material (0.9%). Cross-reference official supervisory registers for live updates.
Political Finance
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Monetary Policy
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The science and practice of monetary policy communication: the ECB experience - European Central Bank: The science and practice of monetary policy communication: the ECB experience European Central Bank
Brexit and EU Policy
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I wrote Labour’s Brexit red lines. This is why it’s time to scrap them | Chris Ward: Institutional summary of the primary material (2020, 2024). Cross-reference official supervisory registers for live updates.
Statutory licensing classes, base capital rules, and investor protection summaries for CBI (Germany (European Union)) are maintained for institutional benchmarking and do not constitute legal advice. Always verify current rulebooks and active firm authorisations directly on CBI’s official public register.